ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <title>*F'B6 /EH©1'3Ì</title> <link rel=stylesheet type="text/css" href="../format.css"> </HEAD> <!---------------------------Titel------------------------> <table border="0" width="760" bgcolor="#427090" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td align="right"> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="760" bgcolor="#427090" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td align="right"> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="760" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"> <tr><td width="23%" bgcolor="#50686E" valign="top" align="left"> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="760" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td align="right"> <IMG SRC="../images/negaresh_titel_smal.jpg" ALT="first page" HEIGHT=78 WIDTH=110 ></a> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="760" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"> <tr><td width="23%" bgcolor="#50686E" valign="top" align="left"> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="760" bgcolor="#427090" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td width="23%" bgcolor="#50686E" valign="top" align="left"> </td> </tr> </table> <!--------------------------------------Frame Anfang--------------------------------> <table border="0" width="760" class=Mso_new bgcolor=azure cellpadding="1"> <tr> <td width="280" class=Mso_new> <p class=Mso_new> </p> </td> <td width="140" class=Mso_new> <p class=Mso_new> <a href="../enter_p.htm">('2¯4* (G 5A-G ~Ì4</a> </p> </td> <td width="280" class=Mso_new > <p class=Mso_new> </p> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Frame Ende --> <!------------------------------------------------------ Main -----------------------------------------------------> <table border="0" width="760" bgcolor="#427090" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"> <tr> <td width="80%" bgcolor="azure" valign="top" align="left"> <div class=Section1> <p class=matn> <center> <b> <span lang=FA>*F'B6 /EH©1'3Ì </b> </center></p> <p class=matn> <font color="#008080"><b> '2: "F/1G *H2D </b></font></p> <p class=matn><font color="#008080"><b> (1¯1/'F: (. ©ÌH'F </b></font> </p> <p class=matn><span lang=FA style=' font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>EÌ ¯HÌF/ *'1Ì. ~3 '2 A',9G G'Ì (3Ì'1 (G 1'G -D EÌ 13/. 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'H ©G *FG' (F' (1 1'(7G EE*'2 H 'E*Ì'24 /1 †Ì2G'Ì *HDÌ/ 4/G  /1 †Ì2G'Ì E'/Ì « </span><span dir=LTR style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Les Res</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>» .H/ 1' *91ÌA EÌ ©F/  (7H1 ¯1'Ì4Ì AB7 Ì© 'E©'F F'( /1 E51A ©1/F †Ì2G'  A13H/F 9ÌFÌ* *HDÌ/ 4/G ,G'F '3*. 'H « '1('(Ì» '3* ©G '.*D'D EÌ "A1ÌF/ H *E'Ì2G'Ì *' "F 2E'F E$+1 /1 (7F *9'16 ',*E'9Ì E/1FÌ*G (ÌF '1('( G' H (1/¯'F  ©'1A1E'Ì'F H ©'1¯1'F 1' ~4* 5-FG EÌ 1'F/. '1('( /1 '3*A'/G E51AÌ '4 '2 †Ì2G' - ©'D'G' 1Ì4.F/"EÌ2 '3*. †HF (' E51A ©1/F GEH'1G (Ì4*1 /1 1B'(* '4 (' /̯1 '1('('F ©G  (1'(1 /1 E4'1©* 5H1Ì /1 GE'F 3D7G .H/ 1' 61H1*'K (G 9FH'F F'(1'(1G' /1 H'B9Ì* (.4Ì 'ÌF E4'1©* *91ÌA EÌ&nbsp;©FF/  *69ÌA EÌ ¯1//. *H39G 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* E(*FÌ (1 *9EÌE /ÌH'FG H'1 "F†G ©G 5FA ('H1Ì GE¯'FÌ '3*  ('DBHG E.1( G1 A6'Ì 9EHEÌ H G1 '5D ©DJ* ('H1Ì '3*. 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GE'F¯HFG ©G *51Ì- 'E~1'*ÌA "2'/Ì 0GFÌ 61H1* /'1/  *51Ì- 'E~1'*ÌA ©DÌ* (1'Ì E' 61H1Ì '3*: *-HD 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* 'E~1'*ÌA F.3*  /1 EAGHE H'1HFG  (' -D 4©D ¯1'Ì'FG 'E~1'*ÌA /HE E7'(B* /'1/. </span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>     '5D 3Ì3*EÌ GF,'1Ì ©DÌ* (.4Ì "F ¯HFG ©G /1 '1*('7 (' 1A*'1 '1*('7Ì A1EHD (F/Ì EÌ 4H/  .H/ 1' /1 *-DÌD ~134 'F¯Ì2 F4'F EÌ /G/. /1 H'B9  'ÌF '5D (1 EAGHE '.*D'A (ÌF HA'B 9BD'FÌ H HA'B H'B9Ì /D'D* /'1/. 'E' 'ÌF EAGHE EB'Ì3G F'~0Ì1 ('BÌ EÌ E'F/. -*Ì FEÌ *H'F ¯A* ©G Ì© '/9'Ì E9*(1 ('Ì/ †Ì2Ì E(*FÌ (1 ~'ÌG G'Ì 9BD'FÌ /1 -BHB 4F'.*G 4H/  GF¯'EÌ ©G (1G'F "H1Ì ©G "F 1' *#ÌÌ/ EÌ ©F/ HA'B H'B9Ì ©3( ©F/  "FGE (417Ì ©G 'ÌF HA'B /1 ¯A*E'F A16Ì "2'/ '2 ',('1 (H,H/ "E/G ('4/  Ğ HA'B H'B9Ì FEÌ *H'F/ F*Ì,G FE'Ì'F 9BD'FÌ ('4/  2Ì1' 9BD'FÌ* "F (G 9BD'FÌ* "F†G ©G (' "F EH'AB* /'1/  H'(3*G '3*. ¯2ÌF4 1HF/ ©'1 ¯1'ÌÌ (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>Procéduralisme</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) E3&DG 9BD'FÌ* E6EHF HA'B 1' (G *E'EÌ H' EÌ ¯0'1/. 'ÌF 9BD'FÌ* '2 41'Ì7 5H1Ì HA'B F'4Ì FEÌ 4H/. 'E~1'*ÌA 3Ì3*EÌ ©DÌ* (.4Ì (1 H'B9Ì* 2Ì1 *©ÌG EÌ ©F/: A1B EÌ'F "F†G ©G EH6H9 HA'B *,1(Ì H "F†G ©G /1 FA3 .H/ H (1'Ì .H/ E9*(1 '3*  (Ì HBAG ,'(,' EÌ 4H/. 'ÌF ,'(,'ÌÌ /1 1HF/ ©'1 "F ,'Ì ¯1A*G '3*. ~'ÌG GF,'1Ì F'( /EH©1'3Ì 'Ì,'( EÌ ©F/ ©G HA'B H'B9Ì /1 5H1*Ì EÌ *H'F/ 9BD'FÌ *DBÌ 4H/ ©G (7H1 9BD'FÌ (1'F¯Ì.*G 4H/ Ì9FÌ (7H1 9ÌFÌ ~Ì 1Ì2Ì 4/G H *FG' (F' (1 FÌ1HÌ /1HFÌ (G*1ÌF (1G'F E4.5 ¯1//. ~3 'ÌF 3&H'D '3'3Ì '3*: †G †Ì2 (7H1 9BD'FÌ Ì© HA'B 1' E9ÌF EÌ ©F/ H Ì' (1 EÌ 'F¯Ì2/ Ì© (1G'F « (7H1 9ÌFÌ» (G*1 †G FB4Ì 'ÌA'! EÌ ©F/ (1G'F "H1Ì ('Ì/ 37- (G 37- (1G'FÌ (7H1 F2HDÌ ,'(,' 4H/ *' 'ÌF©G HA'B (Ì'A1ÌF/. ~3 'ÌF  (/'F E9F'3* ©G 41'Ì7 5H1Ì ¯A*E'F 9EHEÌ ('Ì/ †F'F ('4F/ ©G "FG' /1 G1 D-8G ¯A*E'F H (F'(1'ÌF  ('2(ÌFÌ GEG HA'B G'Ì ~Ì4ÌF 1' EE©F 3'2F/. (F'(1'ÌF  ~31HÌ *' (Ì FG'Ì* /1 'Ì/G ~'ÌG 1HF/©'1 ,'Ì /'4*G '3*. 'ÌF 'Ì/G (G 7H1 9'/Ì (G ©'1'ÌÌ HA'B (H,H/ "E/G AD'F D-8G EÌ 'F,'E/  HA'BÌ ©G (G Ğ H,G FAÌ FEÌ ©F/ ©G /1 D-8G (9/ "4©'1 4H/ ©G 3'24Ì H,H/ /'4*G '3*. 'Ì/G ~'ÌG GF,'1Ì 9BD'FÌ ('Ì/ E-/H/ 4H/ Ì' (G*1 (¯HÌÌE /1 FA3 .H/ (G 'ÌF /DÌD H'B9Ì E-/H/ 4H/: /1 41'Ì7 EA1H6 *'1Ì.Ì Ğ̩ '2 41©* ©FF/¯'F (' -3F FÌ* /1 ¯A*E'F 9BD'FÌ F*H'F3*G 'F/ (' ©'EÌ'(Ì (1G'F *-EÌD 4/G 1' 1/ ©FF/. 'D(*G  GEÌ4G 'ÌF *H6Ì- ©G †1' 'ÌF (1G'F (G 9FH'F (G*1ÌF (1G'F *-EÌD 4/G H *H'F3*G '3* *' 2E'FÌ '2 FB/ (9/Ì GEH'1G EE©F E5HF (E'F/  ('BÌ EÌ E'F/.</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>     'E~1'*ÌA 1HF/ ©'1 ©DÌ* (.4Ì 9EHEÌ  E'FF/ 'E~1'*ÌA EBHDG 'Ì <it>©'F*</it> *B1Ì('K Ì© '124 /'1/ H (7H1 '3'3Ì 3D(Ì - FB/Ì '3*: 'ÌF  'E~1'*ÌA 'A4'! ©1/F H ('7D '9D'E ©1/F "EH2G G' H FG'/G'Ì « .H/©'E'FG» 1' EE©F EÌ 3'2/ 'E' FEÌ *H'F/ '2 (9/ (FÌ'F¯0'1 '3*A'/G ©F/. 'ÌF '124 3D(Ì /1 FA3 .H/ (G ~Ì4 A16 ~Ì4ÌF E1(H7 (G H,H/ B/1* (1G'FP (G*1 H'(3*G '3*. '¯1 (F' (1 H'B9Ì* E' GEH'1G '2 '9*E'/ ©1/F (G HA'B 2'ÌÌ/G ¯A*¯HÌ (1G'FÌ 5-(* EÌ ©FÌE  H'B9Ì* EH'AB (H/F  ~Ì4 A16 E1(H7 (G B/1* *H'AB E' 1' *6EÌF FEÌ ©F/. 4©D ¯1'ÌÌ 1HF/ ©'1 'E©'F /'1/ .H/ 1' (G 9FH'F 'ÌE'F  ('H1 9EDÌ (G 9BD'FÌ* (1G'FÌ (FE'Ì'F/. "Ì' EÌ *H'FÌE Ì© HA'B H'B9Ì 1' 9BD'FÌ (F'EÌE  /1 GF¯'EÌ ©G FEÌ /'FÌE Ì' 9BÌ/G F/'1ÌE  F'¯2Ì1ÌE "F†G 1' ©G  'ÌF HA'B /1 H'B9Ì* (F' EÌ FG/ (Ì'F ©FÌE. 41'Ì7 5H1Ì GF,'1Ì HA'B  *H'AB /1('1G (1G'FP (G*1 GEH'1G (G '57D'- EF3H. « /̯1» ©G GE'F' 41'Ì7 E'/Ì '3*  ('2 EÌ ¯1// H .H/ 1' /A9 F'~0Ì1 F4'F EÌ /G/. '2 'ÌF B1'1 *H'F'ÌÌ H'B9Ì (1G'F ('Ì/ *H'AB 1' '2 H'B9Ì* ©3( ©F/.</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><it><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>('2¯4* (G E3&DG EÌ'F,Ì</span></it></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>       GE'F /4H'1Ì GF¯'EÌ ©G '2 .H/ EÌ ~13ÌE: "J' 'E~1'*ÌA ©DÌ* (.4Ì EÌ *H'F/ /1 1'3*'Ì BDE1H E'/Ì /FÌ'Ì 2F/¯Ì ',*E'9Ì H *B'(D G'Ì EF'A9 EÌ'F,Ì (Ì'Ì/  'A2HF EÌ 4H/. <it>G'(1E'3</it> Ì© A1EHD (F/Ì '2 'ÌF 'E~1'*ÌA (/3* /'/G '3* ©G '5D /EH©1'3Ì E(*FÌ (1 '.D'B ¯A*E'F 1' '2 "F EÌ 3'2/: « 2Ì1' Ì© GF,'1 /1 5H1*Ì E9*(1 '3* ©G EF'A9 ©DÌ  ©DÌ* ~0Ì1 1' /1 (Ì'F "H1/. Ì9FÌ '¯1 'ÌF GF,'1 4'Ì3*G 4F'3'ÌÌ GEG 'A1'/ 0ÌFA9 ('4/  3H˜G G'Ì (1G'F ~1/'2 EÌ *H'FF/ (G Ì© HA'B EH,G /1('1G 5-* GF,'1 EH1/ (-+ (13F/ H "F *FG' /1 5H1*Ì '3* ©G 41'Ì7Ì 1' A1'GE "H1/ ©G F*Ì,G G' H *#+Ì1G'Ì A19Ì 2'ÌÌ/G (113Ì 9EHEÌ "F /1 '1*('7 (' '16'Ì EF'A9 G1 ©3  '2 ,'F( GEG 'A1'/ 0ÌFA9 ~0Ì1A*G 4H/». 'D(*G  'ÌF '5D FG'ÌÌ EÌ *H'F/ (G 9FH'F 3F,G 'Ì/G "D  'Ì/G&nbsp;"D *F8ÌE ©FF/G *A3Ì1 4H/ H 'ÌF (G  3H˜G G'Ì (1G'F ~1/'2 'E©'F EÌ /G/ ©G (1'Ì /'H1Ì /1 ,G* *H,ÌG GF,'1 ~Ì4FG'/Ì 3E*&nbsp;¯Ì1Ì ©F/ ©G *FG' (' HA'B E*B'(D H'B9Ì H (F'(1'ÌF  (' 1'G -D '+('* F'~0Ì1 Ì' 1/ ©1/FÌ ~Ì4 *,1(G </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>a Priori</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> 1HÌ'1HÌÌ (-+Ì "FG' 1(7 /'1/. 'E' 'ÌF '5D (1'Ì F*Ì,G FG'ÌÌ (1G'F "H1Ì ,F(G B79Ì F/'1/. E3&DG 9('1* '2 *A3Ì1 ©1/F FÌ'2G' H EF'A9  H E9ÌF ©1/F /1,G B'(D B(HD (H/F F*Ì,G G'Ì 'F¯'4*G GF,'1 EH1/ ¯A*¯H '3*. 41©* ©FF/¯'F /1 ":'2 AB7 EÌ *H'FF/ A16ÌG G'Ì ©E Ì' (Ì4 B'(D B(HD /1 '.*Ì'1 /'4*G ('4F/. GEG ('Ì/ (G "¯'GÌ ©G 'A1'/ Ì' ¯1HG G' '2 FÌ'2G' H EF'A9 .H/ /'1F/  Ì9FÌ (G /13*Ì /1 E('/DG (-+Ì *©ÌG ©FF/. '5D ©DÌ* (.4Ì E'FF/ FH9 GE '12 F8'E '.D'BÌ (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Moralität</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) 9ED EÌ ©F/  (Ì "F©G '2 3~G1 "/'( H 13HE (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>Sittlichkeit</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) "¯'GÌ /'4*G ('4ÌE  (Ì "F©G (*H'FÌE ,F(G G'Ì 'ÌF 3~G1 '.D'BÌ* 1' ©G EAGHE ©DÌ E4.5 1' (FÌ'F ~0Ì1 EÌ 3'2/  (4F'3ÌE. ©'ED'K EÌ *H'F GF,'1G'  ~1'*Ì©&nbsp;G'  FG'/G' 1'  *'(9 "2EHF (1G'FÌ 3'.*. F8'E '.D'BÌ ,/Ì/ (F' (1 B'(DÌ* HJ˜G F¯1Ì (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Particularisme</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) "/'( H 13HE Ì' FG'/G'Ì '4 ©'ED'K (1*1 '2 F8'E '.D'BÌ B/ÌE '3*. 'D(*G  ('Ì/ (G'Ì 'ÌF ~'ÌG GF,'1Ì 1' (' *-ED 2E'F G1 EH',G (G ('A*'1 E4.5 2F/¯Ì H 3'.*'1G'Ì4 ~1/'.*. '¯1 'E~1'*ÌA /HE 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© E1',9G (' *9ÌÌF GHÌ* "/'( H 13HE (' ̯'FG EF7B 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* ¯1//  F.3*ÌF "2EHF (DF/ ~1H'2Ì GF,'1Ì '4 "F 1' /1 EÌ'F,Ì ¯1Ì (Ì (G1G '2 F8'E '.D'BÌ ,/Ì/ EÌ ©F/. (6)</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>     ©'1(3* '5D ©DÌ* (.4Ì (F81 (G GF,'1G'Ì E'/Ì /1 "F†G ©G *FG' (G 'ÌF '5D E9FÌ EÌ /G/ H H69Ì* *F8ÌE ©FF/G (G "F EÌ&nbsp;(.4/  FÌ'2 /'1/. ©'1(1/ "F E©'FÌ '3* ©G /1© "F†G 1' ©G ('Ì/ /1 Ì© H69Ì* H Ì© D-8G E9ÌF 'F,'E ¯Ì1/  (G 3'E'F EÌ 13'F/. '5D (</span><span dir=LTR style=' font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Le Principe</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) ('Ì/ (*H'F/ /1 Ì© 'H1¯'FÌ3E GF,'1Ì (G GE ~ÌH3*G ©G 4'Ì3*G 3E* /'/F 9ED 'A1'/ ('4/  EA5D (F/Ì 4H/. (3Ì ¯'F¯Ì (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Pluralité</span><span dir=RTL></span><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'><span dir=RTL></span> <span lang=FA>) E*6'/ "2'/Ì G' ©G /1 2EÌFG /̯1 'E~1'*ÌA (G 4©D 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* FEH/'1 EÌ ¯1//. Ì'/"H1 EÌ 4H/ ©G ¯1HG G'Ì (41Ì *FG' '2 61H1* GE'GF¯ ©1/F ©F4 G'Ì 4'F /1 E-Ì7 ¯A*E'F '1*('7Ì H HA'BÌ ~Ì1HÌ FEÌ ©FF/. 'E' "FG' E,(H1 G3*F/ E'FF/ 3Ì3*E G'Ì .H/'+('*Ì '3*1'*˜Ì© 9ED ©FF/. 'ÌF EH6H9 Ì'/"H1Ì EÌ ©F/ ©G *H3D /'ÌEÌ H (GE ~ÌH3*G (G '5D ©DÌ* (.4Ì EÌ *H'F/ E*A'H* H -*Ì EEFH9 ('4/. ~3 'ÌF A16Ì/F /13* FÌ3* ©G ¯1HG G' Ì' 'A1'/ 5'-( FA9 (G .'71 ~Ì1HÌ '2 GF,'1G'Ì HA'BÌ "E'/G *1© 1A*'1 '3*1'*˜J© G3*F/. "J' H'B9'K EÌ *H'F ~Ì1HÌ '2 B'9/G 9EHEÌ 1' /1 Ì© ,'E9G *B3ÌE 4/G .H'3*'1 (H/  /1 5H1*Ì ©G 'ÌF ~Ì1HÌ (F' (1 'AB E-/H/4 E3*D2E ~'Ì'F ,'E9G 7(B'*Ì '3* "Ì' EÌ *H'F *H3D (G ©F4 '3*1'*˜J© 1' ©G GH'/'1'F '5D ©DÌ* (.4Ì (G "F /3* EÌ Ì'2F/  (G ©F'1Ì FG'/ "J' F('Ì/ (Ì4*1 (G 4JHG <it>G¯D</it> (G 4©D E/1F </span></span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Moralität</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> H </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Sittlichkeit</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> 'F/Ì4Ì/  "J' 1H'Ì* 1HF/Ì '5D ©DÌ* (.4Ì B(HD E-©HEÌ* .H/ (G F'*H'FÌ E9ÌF /1 2EJFG 3F,G (E9Ì'1) FÌ3* †HF©G /1 H'B9 /1¯Ì1 4/F (' (:1F,Ì E'/Ì - *'1Ì.Ì E3&DG G' /1('1G 2F/¯Ì H'B9'K E7DH( '©+1Ì* (21¯ 'F3'F G' 1' 1/ EÌ ©F/. 5'-('F FA9 (G 31FH4*  ©4E©4 G' H 3'24 G'Ì 4'F H'¯0'4*G 4/G 'F/  (Ì "F©G H'B9'K "¯'G 4/G ('4F/ ©G H †G G3*F/  †HF .H/ 'F/Ì4G ,(1'F (Ì 9/'D*Ì H 1F,Ì ©G F3D&nbsp;G'Ì ¯04*G H -'D E*-ED 4/G 'F/  /1 'EÌ/ (G ~Ì 1Ì2Ì "ÌF/G ©G '2 71/ 4/¯'F H *-BÌ14/¯'F 'B*5'/ ,G'F EÌ 7D(/ (G "JF/G .'5 B'(D ~Ì4 (ÌFÌ .H/ /1 GE'F 2E'F ©G 'ÌF "ÌF/G (1'Ì "FG' FAÌ 4/G  (3F/G ©FF/  1F¯ EÌ ('2/.</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><it><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>EF7B E.*D7 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© H F'.'D5Ì "F</span></it></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>     ~3 (F81 EÌ 13/ ©G (1'F¯Ì.*F 'ÌF EÌ'F,Ì ¯1Ì </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Médiation</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> 6EF *4.Ì5 *F'B6 /H 'E~1'*ÌA ":'2ÌF /1 '1*('7 (' EF7B E.*D7 '2 1Ì4G F'.'D5 H /1 -BÌB* "2EHFÌ - F'"2EHFÌ (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Empricico-Transcendental</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) (3Ì'1 +E1(.4 '3*. /1 H'B9 EÌ *H'F (G 1'G -D EF7BÌ (1'Ì 'ÌF E4©D G' H *F'B6Ì ©G "FG' 1' (F' EÌ FG/  *1/Ì/ ©1/. ¯A*E'F 'E~1'*ÌA ©DÌ* (.4Ì (G .H/ ~Ì FG'/F GF,'1EF/'FG ¯1'Ì4 /'1/. 'E' EÌ'F,Ì 'Ì FEÌ Ì'(/ ©G (G "F 'E©'F *#+Ì1 /'4*F /1 EF7B EH1/ 9ED (F' (1 'E~1'*ÌA "2'/Ì E7DB 1' (/G/. /1 5H1*Ì ©G 'ÌF 'E~1'*ÌA (F' (1 'A1'7 '4 -*Ì H'1HF¯Ì ©DÌ* 3D(Ì '4 1' /1 Ì© ©DÌ E4.5 *4.Ì5 F'~0Ì1 EÌ 7D(/. H'B9Ì* 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© ©G EÌ *H'F "F 1' (' '3*A'/G '2 EAGHE G'Ì <it>G'(1E'3</it>  (Ì'F ©1/  H'B9Ì* ~1GÌ2F'~0Ì1 ~̆Ì/¯Ì '1*('7 (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>Communication</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) (F' (1 ~1'*Ì© G'Ì 1B'(*Ì 1A*'1 '3*1'*˜Ì© '3* ©G *H37 3'2E'F G'Ì EO3D7 "2'/Ì G' *H39G Ì'A*G '3*. H'B9Ì*  /H ~GDH (H/F G1 *H'AB '3* ©G †G (' *H'AB (/3* "E/G '2 B/1* (1G'FP (G*1  †G (' ©'1"ÌÌ 3'24Ì ©G 4'Ì/ *H,ÌG F'~0Ì1 H (7H1 9BD'FÌ (1G'F ~0Ì1 G3*F/  Ì9FÌ (F'(1 *F'3( FÌ1H -'5D 4/G 'F/  *6EÌF F4/G '3*. ~3 EF7B 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© AB7 EÌ *H'F/ Ì© EF7B E.*D7 9BD H *9'16  '1*('7 H '3*1'*˜Ì  *H'AB ©E Ì' (Ì4 9BD'FÌ H 3'24 ©E Ì' (Ì4 (†F¯ "E/G ('4/. "1E'FÌ 4/F GF,'1Ì  'ÌF EF7B 1' (.'71 FB5'F H'B9Ì - ©D(Ì (</span><span dir=LTR style=' font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Real-Cynism</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* '2 /3* EÌ /G/. ~3 ¯4H/F A5D G'Ì ,/Ì/ *-DÌD (1'Ì "4©'1 ©1/F 'ÌF '.*D'7 F'.'D5 (,' '3*: </span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>     'DA -</span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'> /1 ,'E9G 'Ì ©G ¯H'G 3F* G'Ì '4 H'FG'/G 4/G H /1 "F 'A1'/ '2 1'G /H 'E~1'*ÌA 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© ¯3Ì.*G 4/G 'F/  "Ì' E4.5 ©1/F 4©D G'Ì "2EHF B'9/G G'Ì /EH©1'3Ì H ¯A*E'F 9'BD'FG EE©F '3* H8ÌAG AH1Ì  '¯1 †G /13* '3* ©G Ğ †Ì2 *6EÌF FEÌ ©F/ ©G 'E~1'*ÌA "2'/Ì *(/ÌD 4/G (G 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì*  (G 3HÌ ~1'*Ì©Ì EF-1A F4H/ ©G -*Ì E'F9 'F/Ì4G 4©D (F/Ì ¯A*E'FÌ '1'/G  'F/Ì4G EF/1, /1 'E~1'*ÌA ©DÌ* (.4Ì 9EHEÌ ¯1//. 'ÌF ¯33* /1 1HF/ 4©D (F/Ì '1'/G *G/Ì/Ì /'ÌEÌ '3* ©G ¯1'Ì4 (G 'ÌF /'1/ '2 ¯A*E'F 9EHEÌ /1 1A*'1 '3*1'*˜Ì© D-8G 'Ì 3'/G (Ì'A1ÌF/ ©G /1 "F G1 ©3 1'G (Ì4ÌFG 3'2Ì «'E*Ì'2G'Ì4» 1' EÌ ¯2ÌF/. </span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>     (-</span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'> †¯HFG  /1 9ÌF ~0Ì14 417 'E©'F Ì© *H'AB 9BD'FÌ 9'1Ì '2 .4HF* ('Ì/ (1 -01 (H/ ©G /EH©1'3Ì ~Ì1H2Ì Ì©3'F F¯1Ì  ©D(Ì ¯1'ÌÌ (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Cynisme</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>) F('4/ '¯1 /EH©1'3Ì BÌ'3 F'~0Ì1Ì "2'/Ì G'Ì A1/Ì H ©+1* ~1'*Ì© G'Ì ',*E'9Ì 4'F 1' '9D'E /'1/  "Ì' 'ÌF (G /DÌD "H1Ì EF'A9 BHÌ*1'F 1'G FEÌ ¯4'Ì/</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>     ~-</span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'> '¯1 /EH©1'3Ì E*6EF EF7B *H'AB 9EHEÌ ('4/  "Ì' EÌ *H'F 'ÌF EF7B 1' /1 1'(7G '4 (' -BÌB* (G 6'(7G /1"H1/. "Ì' H69Ì* EF7BÌ '1*('7 </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Communication</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> ©G HA'B 9BD'FÌ 1' '9E '2 'JF©G (1 ~'ÌG ©+1* /Ì/¯'G G' H FA9 G' /1 F81 ¯Ì1/ Ì' FG. H,H/ /'1/ 9BD'FÌ* 'F*.'(&nbsp;G' G1¯2 *6EÌF F4/G '3* H -*Ì '¯1 (G B(HD F4'F *H'AB (G 9FH'F 3'24 *F /GÌE  -'D*Ì ©G /1 "F 3'24 /1 FA3 .H/ F'EE©F '3*  (1'Ì 1HÌ'1HÌÌ ('BÌ EÌ E'F/. EÌ *H'F/ F'GE.H'FÌ G'Ì 'D*Ì'E F'~0Ì1 H '.*D'A F81G'Ì F'3'2¯'1 H,H/ /'4*G ('4/  '¯1 3F,G&nbsp;G' H B'9/G G'ÌÌ (1'Ì -D *9'16 /1 EÌ'F F('4/. </span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>     'ÌF '.*D'7 (</span><span dir=LTR style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Mixité</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>)  1'G -D F*'B6 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© FÌ3*. (Ì'F 1H4F '4 'ÌF '3* ©G F4'F EÌ /G/  *F'B6 *HDÌ/ ©FF/G *F4Ì '3* ©G FEÌ *H'F "F 1' (G 9FH'F 3F*2 (GE FG'/) *91ÌA ©1/. *F4 (Ì *6EÌF -D "F  *F4 EÌ'F EF7B *H'AB ©G /1 FA3 .H/ '2 3'24 (†F¯ "E/G .H( E*E'Ì2 F4/G H EF7B ,3*,HÌ 'E*Ì'2G'Ì .5H5Ì H ,2ÌÌ '3* ©G /1 FA3 .H/ '2 *:ÌÌ1 E'GÌ* /1 ©DÌ 3D(Ì 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* /1 *G/Ì/ '3*. /EH©1'3Ì 'E1H2 /1 'ÌF *F4 H /1 *F'B6 EÌ'F </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family: tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Logos</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> (3.F) H </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>Polemos</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> (,/D) (31 EÌ (1/. /1 D-8G  'ÌF *F4 E-1© '3*. 'ÌF *F4  "1E'FÌ ©1/F ~'ÌG G'Ì GF,'1Ì 1' E.*D EÌ ©F/  GE'F7H1 ©G *H,ÌG G'Ì EH3HE (G H'B9 ¯1'ÌÌ 1' E.*D EÌ 3'2/ H '2 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© ©G 'EÌ/G'Ì A1'1A* B79Ì 1' .F+Ì EÌ ©F/ H GFH2 ,F(G ©DÌ 3D(Ì 3Ì3*E E'D©Ì* 1' H'˜¯HF F©1/G  ~1'*Ì© -'/+Ì 1' (F' EÌ FG/. 'D(*G  (1'Ì 1H4F ©1/F ~'ÌG *'1Ì© 'ÌF *F4 H (1'Ì ('2'F/Ì4Ì (/HF *HGE A1'*,1(Ì 'E~1'*ÌA ©DÌ* (.4Ì ('BÌ EÌ E'F/. GE†FÌF (1'Ì 'F/Ì4Ì/F (G 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© FG AB7 (G 9FH'F ¯A*E'F F'E*F'GÌ  (D©G (G 9FH'F ('2Ì *5'/A /1 (1¯Ì1F/G (.4Ì '2 F*Ì,G G'Ì -'/+Ì ~'(1,' EÌ E'F/. EF7B HA'BÌ /1 E916 *59J/ /1 'ÌE'F H ('H1 (G ̯'FG ¯1/'FÌ AHB GE(H/Ì (41Ì* (/HF /1 F81 ¯1A*F 41'Ì7 H'B9Ì 1HF/G'Ì ,G'FÌ 4/F 31E'ÌG /'1Ì B1'1 /'1/. 'D(*G  EF7B 'Ì,'( *9'16Ì "2'/Ì 0GFÌ (G FH(G .H/ '2 Ì'/ EÌ (1/ ©G ©'1'ÌÌ '4 (G 'ÌF E9F' FÌ3* ©G B'F9 ©FF/G ('4/ H (*H'F/ (G .H/ HÌ1'FÌ (Ì'F,'E/  G1 ¯'G 'F©'1 ©F/ ©G 2('F ©'ED'K G/A /1HFÌ H 'AB GE(H/Ì *B3ÌE 4/G /'1/. 1A*'1 /EH©1'*Ì© /1 *F'B6 .H/ -*Ì 1A*'1 '1*('7Ì H 1A*'1 '3*1'*˜Ì© 1' EÌ "EÌ2/ H "FG' 1' /1 E-Ì7 -'/+Ì H'1/ EÌ ©F/ H </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family: tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Logos</span><span dir=RTL></span><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> <span lang=FA>H </span></span><span dir=LTR style='font-family: tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Polemos</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> 1' /1 Ì© '.*D'7 '2 '3'3 F'.'D5 E*-/ EÌ ©F/. 'ÌF /1 GE (1GEÌ  /H /DÌ E' 1' E4.5 EÌ ©F/. †G ©3Ì /A*1 1'GFE' 1' (1'Ì 31¯1/'F G'ÌÌ ©G E' G3*ÌE .H'G/ FH4*</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>FHÌ3F/G: <it>"F/1G *H2D</it>: '3*'/ AD3AG /1 /'F4¯'G (2'F3HF  E/Ì1 "2E'Ì4¯'G ~˜HG4 G'Ì AD3AÌ /1('1G EF7B G'Ì 1A*'1. FHÌ3F/G '+1G'Ì <it>'3~ÌFH2'</it> /1 1984  ~1'©3Ì3 /1 1984  <it>©'F*</it> 'FBD'(Ì 1988  </span><span dir=LTR style=' font-family:tahoma'>Marx en italiques</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'><span dir=RTL></span> /1 1991  1H- *A1BG /1 1991  EF7B G'Ì 1A*'1 /1 E/1FÌ*G 1992 H E/1FJ*G ¯1'E4Ì /1 1992 </span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>&nbsp;</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>EF(9: E,DG 4E'1G 45 </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma'>M</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'><span dir=RTL></span>  ~'1Ì3 1991</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><it><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'>~Ì FH4* G'</span></it></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><it><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma'><span style='text-decoration:none'>&nbsp;</span></span></it></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>1-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=RTL><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>/1('1G 'ÌF /H¯'FG 'F¯'1Ì (F¯1Ì/ (G (113Ì ,'D( <it>1EH(H/Ì</it>  <it>1ÌF'3Ì*'</it> 4E'1G 4  2 AH1ÌG 1985  GE†FÌF (F¯1Ì/ (G '+1G'Ì ©D'3Ì© </span></span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>C. B. Macpherson</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>  '5HD H -/H/ /EH©1'3Ì DÌ(1'D  ~'1Ì3  D'/©HH1* 1985 H </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>H. Gentis</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> H             </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>S. Bowles</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>  /EH©1'3Ì ~3'DÌ(1'D  ~'1Ì3  D'/©HH1* 1987</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>2-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=RTL><it><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'>©'1D E'1©3</span></it></span><span lang=FA style=' font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>  A5D </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>VI</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span> EF*41 F4/G ©'~Ì*'D  ~'1Ì3 </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>UGE</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>  1967</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>3-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=RTL><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'>~ - ('13DHF'  A1/¯1'ÌÌ E'D©Ì*  *H1F  (H1ÌF ¯ÌG 1Ì  1985</span></span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>4-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=RTL><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'>G'(1E'3  </span></span><span dir=LTR style=' font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Moralbewusstsein und Kommunikatives Handeln</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style=' font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>  A1'F©AH1*  </span><span dir=LTR style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Suhrkamp</span><span dir=RTL></span><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'><span dir=RTL></span>  1983</span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>5-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=RTL><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'>GE'F,'  5 75. E3&DG 9('1* '2 '5D ©DÌ* (.4Ì  ~'ÌG '.D'B ¯A*E'F '3*.</span></span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>6-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=RTL><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight: normal'>(1'Ì Ì© FB/ E41H- (F¯1Ì/ (G '+1 ,'D( <it>˜1' /H ©HFÌ©H</it>:</span></span></p> <p class=matn dir=RTL style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%'><span lang=FA style='font-family:tahoma; font-weight:normal'>&nbsp;</span></p> <p class=matn dir=LTR style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed'><span lang=IT style='font-family:tahoma;font-weight:normal'>Critica e ragione utopica. A confronto con Habermas e Bloch, Gênes, Marietti, 1988.</span></p> <p class=matn dir=LTR style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed'><span lang=IT style='font-weight:normal'>&nbsp;</span></p> <!-- ab hier --> </div> </td> <td width="9%" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#427090" > </td> </tr> </table> </HTML>